The rapid growth of sectors such as aerospace, electric vehicles, renewable energy, and portable devices has increased the requirement for advanced energy storage systems and sustainable energy technologies. Supercapacitors (SCs) are emerging as a rapidly advancing energy storage technology, attracting significant attention for their high-powered density, fast charging, long cycle life and energy efficiency potential. Current progress in the advancement of energy-storage devices is the most important factor that will allow the scientific community to develop resources to meet the global energy demands of the 21st century. Nanostructured materials can be used as effective electrodes for energy-storage devices because they offer various promising features, including high surface-to- volume ratios, exceptional charge-transport features, and good physicochemical properties. Until now, the successful research frontrunners have focused on the preparation of positive electrode materials for energy-storage applications; nevertheless, the electrochemical performance of negative electrodes is less frequently reported. Vanadate-based materials have emerged as promising electrode candidates for advanced energy-storage systems due to their unique structural, electronic, and electrochemical properties. This review focuses on recent developments in metal vanadates for battery and supercapacitor applications, emphasizing their synthesis strategies, structural characteristics, and electrochemical performance. The multiple oxidation states of vanadium enable efficient redox reactions, leading to high specific capacity, enhanced capacitance, and improved energy density. Various binary and ternary vanadates, including nickel, cobalt, manganese, copper, and bismuth vanadates, demonstrate excellent charge-storage behavior because of their superior ion diffusion pathways and electrical conductivity. Recent studies reveal that nanostructured vanadates and their composites with carbon materials significantly improve cycling stability, rate capability, and charge- transfer kinetics. In supercapacitor applications, vanadates exhibit remarkable pseudocapacitive behavior and fast charge–discharge performance, whereas in rechargeable batteries they contribute to higher reversible capacity and long-term stability