A novel sulfamerazine–aniline-derived azo colorant was successfully synthesized through a simple diazo coupling approach and systematically investigated for its structural, photophysical, electrochemical, and practical applications. The molecular structure of the synthesized compound was established using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectral techniques. Electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry at a carbon paste electrode displayed stable and reversible redox responses over different scan rates, confirming favorable electron-transfer properties and electrochemical stability of the azo system. UV-visible spectral studies revealed strong solvent-dependent absorption. Fluorescence investigations carried out in different solvent environments demonstrated notable variations in emission intensity and wavelength. In addition, the synthesized colorant exhibited good performance as a fluorescent powder for latent fingerprint visualization on various surfaces under UV illumination. The enhanced contrast and clear ridge details enabled effective observation of primary and secondary fingerprint characteristics, highlighting its usefulness in forensic detection. Owing to its combined optical, fluorescent, and electrochemical properties, the developed azo colorant represents a promising multifunctional material for applications in sensing, optoelectronics, and forensic science.