Synthesis and Electronic Structure Evaluation of Pyrazole-Thiazole Derivatives: A Combined Experimental and DFT Approach

Chethan R, Maruthi T, Akash R B, Venkatesham B, Manjunatha D H

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to optimize molecular geometries and enhance computational efficiency when exploring the conformational behaviour of the structures. This work investigates the molecular characteristics of the pyrazole-thiazole compound (Z)-2-(4-(4- methoxyphenyl)thiozol-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-methylbenzo[d]thiozol along with its derivatives, including bromo, fluoro, methyl, methoxy and chloro groups. The B3LYP hybrid functional at the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set level of theory was employed to determine molecular geometry. The UV, FTIR and NMR spectral data were derived from the optimized geometry through frequency calculations and were compared with experimental UV, FTIR and NMR spectra. Frontier molecular orbitals were analysed to determine the reactivity descriptors of the pyrazole-thiazole derivatives and Mulliken population analysis to predict individual atoms reactive sites in the synthesized  molecules. Further assess the electronic characteristics and structural stability and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) mapping was utilized to identify and visualize the most electrophilic and nucleophilic regions of the synthesised compounds, providing insight into potential sites for intermolecular interactions. Further, analysis of Non-Linear Optical (NLO) properties strongly supports that the compound possesses electronic properties. The steadiness of the molecule arising from the hyper conjugative interaction and charge delocalization were examined with natural bonding orbitals (NBO).